Technical Documentation

Overview

This document provides a comprehensive technical description of the Investcoin (IVT) ecosystem. It covers both on-chain smart contracts and off-chain infrastructure, including architecture, security mechanisms, deployment procedures, and operational considerations.

This documentation is intended for developers, auditors, partners, and technically oriented stakeholders. It complements the Investor Guide, which focuses on investment-related information.

Documentation Scope

This document covers:

  • Smart contract architecture and logic (IVT Token and Staking)

  • Vesting, deflation, loyalty, and governance mechanisms

  • Security model, testing, and audits

  • Website and dApp technical architecture

  • Deployment and operational procedures

It does not constitute investment advice.

System Architecture

On-chain Architecture

The on-chain layer consists of two primary contracts:

  • Investcoin (IVT): ERC-20-like token with fixed supply, vesting, deflation, loyalty bonus, blacklist, pausability, and upgradeability.

  • InvestcoinStaking: Staking contract offering tiered APY with a fixed 18-month lock.

Both contracts support upgradeability via transparent proxies and are implemented in Solidity ^0.8.20.

Off-chain Architecture (Website & dApp)

The off-chain layer includes:

  • Web frontend (Next.js)

  • Web3 integration (WalletConnect, MetaMask, Coinbase Wallet)

  • Backend services for telemetry and caching

  • Hosting and deployment via Vercel

  • Optional Redis cache via Upstash

  • Monitoring and analytics (Google Analytics, Sentry)

Token Contract — Investcoin (IVT)

Core Parameters

  • Name: Investcoin

  • Symbol: IVT

  • Decimals: 18

  • Maximum Supply: 100,000,000 IVT

  • Minting: Fully minted at initialization, permanently disabled afterward

Supply and Minting Control

  • The full supply is minted once during initialization.

  • Minting is permanently disabled (mintingFinished = true).

  • Burn operations never reopen minting capacity.

Vesting Logic

Supply distribution is split into two vesting pools:

  • Initial Release: 25% (25,000,000 IVT) transferred to the owner at deployment.

  • Core Vesting: 35,000,000 IVT released bimonthly over 4 years (24 cycles).

  • Foundation Vesting: 40,000,000 IVT released quarterly over 8 years (32 cycles).

The function releaseVested() releases all eligible tranches based on elapsed time.

Deflation and Burn Engine

Deflation is implemented through automated and manual mechanisms:

  • Quarterly Burn:

    • 0.5% of circulating supply accrued every 90 days.

    • Consumed gradually during transfers.

  • Half-Supply Burn:

    • Triggered when circulating supply reaches 50% of max supply.

    • Initiates a 2% burn target, also consumed gradually.

  • Burn Stop Condition:

    • Automated burns stop when circulating supply reaches 21,000,000 IVT.

  • Manual Burn:

    • Owner can burn tokens from free treasury balance.

Transfers are protected against dust attacks by enforcing a minimum transfer amount.

Loyalty Bonus

  • Eligibility: Accounts holding IVT without transfers for 12 months.

  • Bonus: 1% of eligible balance.

  • Fee: 0.5% of the bonus routed to the owner.

  • Toggle: Loyalty bonus can be enabled or disabled by the owner.

  • Treasury constraint: Bonus payments require free treasury balance.

Blacklist and Pausability

  • Blacklisted addresses cannot send, receive, approve, stake, or claim loyalty.

  • Emergency pause disables:

    • transfer

    • transferFrom

    • claimLoyaltyBonus

  • Administrative functions remain available during pause.

Ownership and Governance

  • Two-step ownership transfer (transferOwnership + acceptOwnership).

  • Optional ownership renouncement.

  • Owner-only access to:

    • Vesting release

    • Pausing

    • Burn controls

    • Loyalty toggling

    • Blacklist management

    • Proxy upgrades

Proxy and Upgradeability

  • Supports deployment via transparent proxy.

  • initialize(address owner) replaces constructor logic for proxy usage.

  • Only proxy admin can upgrade implementations.

  • Migration logic can be executed during upgrades.

Staking Contract — InvestcoinStaking

Staking Model

  • Fixed lock-up: 18 months (540 days).

  • Global staking cap: 10,000,000 IVT.

Tiers and APY

  • Tier 1: ≥ 1,000 IVT — 2% APY

  • Tier 2: ≥ 10,000 IVT — 2.5% APY

  • Tier 3: ≥ 50,000 IVT — 3% APY

Lock-up and Withdrawals

  • Withdrawals allowed only after lock expiration.

  • Rewards subject to a 0.5% fee.

  • Emergency withdrawals return principal only.

Emergency Mode

  • When enabled, users can withdraw principal without rewards.

  • Used only in incident scenarios.

Smart Contract APIs

IVT Token — User Functions

  • balanceOf(address)

  • transfer(address, amount)

  • transferFrom(address, address, amount)

  • approve(address, amount)

  • claimLoyaltyBonus()

  • circulatingSupply()

IVT Token — Admin Functions

  • releaseVested()

  • pause() / unpause()

  • manualBurn(amount)

  • setLoyaltyEnabled(bool)

  • blockAddress(address) / unblockAddress(address)

Staking — User Functions

  • deposit(amount)

  • withdraw()

  • emergencyWithdraw()

  • previewRewards(address)

  • timeUntilUnlock(address)

Staking — Admin Functions

  • fundRewards(amount)

  • withdrawRewards(address, amount)

  • disableStaking()

  • setEmergencyMode(bool)

  • pause() / unpause()

Security Model

Invariants and Safety Properties

Key invariants include:

  • Total supply never exceeds MAX_SUPPLY.

  • Locked + circulating supply equals total supply.

  • Vesting counters never exceed allocated pools.

  • Burns never exceed defined limits.

Automated Testing Strategy

  • Hardhat unit tests

  • Checklist tests

  • Randomized invariant tests

  • Foundry invariant and fuzz tests

Coverage exceeds 90% across core logic.

Static and Symbolic Analysis

Tools used:

  • Slither

  • Mythril

  • Manticore

  • Echidna (optional)

Known findings are documented and accepted where design-driven (e.g., timestamp usage).

Website & dApp Architecture

Frontend Stack

  • Next.js

  • TypeScript

  • Tailwind CSS

Web3 Integration

  • WalletConnect

  • MetaMask

  • Coinbase Wallet

  • Safe-compatible wallets

Environment Variables

Required:

Optional:

Deployment

Smart Contract Deployment

  • Network: BNB Chain Testnet

  • Deployment via Hardhat scripts

  • Proxy-based initialization

  • Full verification on BscScan

Website Deployment

  • Platform: Vercel

  • Automatic CI/CD from GitHub

  • Optional Redis cache via Upstash

  • SSL and CDN handled by platform

Operational Considerations

  • Treasury balance must exceed vesting reserves before paying loyalty bonuses.

  • Burn targets are consumed only when transfers occur.

  • Pausing should be documented and reversed once incidents are resolved.

  • Admin key security is critical.

References

  • Main Token Contract: contracts/Investcoin.sol

  • Staking Contract: contracts/InvestcoinStaking.sol

  • Proxy Contracts

  • Hardhat & Foundry test suites

  • Deployment scripts

PreviousInvestor Guide